smartd ist ein Daemon, der das Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART)-System überwacht, das in viele ATA-3- und spätere ATA-, IDE- und SCSI-3-Festplatten eingebaut ist. Der Zweck von SMART besteht darin, die Zuverlässigkeit der Festplatte zu überwachen und Laufwerksausfälle vorherzusagen sowie verschiedene Arten von Laufwerksselbsttests durchzuführen. Diese Version von smartd ist mit ATA/ATAPI-7 und früheren Standards kompatibel.
smartd versucht, die SMART-Überwachung auf ATA-Geräten zu aktivieren (entspricht smartctl -s on) und fragt diese und SCSI-Geräte alle 30 Minuten (konfigurierbar) ab und protokolliert SMART-Fehler und Änderungen von SMART-Attributen über die SYSLOG-Schnittstelle. Der Standardspeicherort für diese SYSLOG-Benachrichtigungen und -Warnungen ist /var/log/messages. Um den Standardspeicherort zu ändern, verwenden Sie die unten beschriebene Befehlszeilenoption „-l“.
Zusätzlich zur Protokollierung in einer Datei kann smartd auch so konfiguriert werden, dass E-Mail-Warnungen gesendet werden, wenn Probleme erkannt werden. Abhängig von der Art des Problems möchten Sie möglicherweise Selbsttests auf der Festplatte ausführen, die Festplatte sichern, die Festplatte ersetzen oder das Dienstprogramm eines Herstellers verwenden, um eine Neuzuweisung fehlerhafter oder nicht lesbarer Festplattensektoren zu erzwingen. Wenn Festplattenprobleme erkannt werden, finden Sie weitere Anleitungen auf der smartctl-Manpage und der smartmontools-Webseite/FAQ.
Dienstverwaltung
Speicherort des Init.d-Skripts:
/etc/init.d/smartd
Beispiel für „chkconfig –list smartd“
# chkconfig --list smartd smartd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
Verfügbare Dienstnutzungsoptionen
# service smartd
Usage: /etc/init.d/smartd {start|stop|reload|report|restart|status} # service smartd start Starting smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd stop Shutting down smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd status smartd (pid 4061 2857) is running...
# service smartd restart Shutting down smartd: [ OK ] Starting smartd: [ OK ]
# service smartd reload Reloading smartd daemon configuration: [ OK ]
# service smartd report Checking SMART devices now: [ OK ]
Welche Daemons werden ausgeführt:
/usr/sbin/smartd
Konfiguration
RPM-Pakete:
smartmontools-[version]-[release]
Konfigurationsdatei
/etc/smartd.conf ### For CentOS/RHEL 5,6 /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf . ### For CentOS/RHEL 7
Beispielkonfigurationsdatei /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf
# cat /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf # Sample configuration file for smartd. See man smartd.conf. # Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net # $Id: smartd.conf 3651 2012-10-18 15:11:36Z samm2 $ # smartd will re-read the configuration file if it receives a HUP # signal # The file gives a list of devices to monitor using smartd, with one # device per line. Text after a hash (#) is ignored, and you may use # spaces and tabs for white space. You may use '\' to continue lines. # You can usually identify which hard disks are on your system by # looking in /proc/ide and in /proc/scsi. # The word DEVICESCAN will cause any remaining lines in this # configuration file to be ignored: it tells smartd to scan for all # ATA and SCSI devices. DEVICESCAN may be followed by any of the # Directives listed below, which will be applied to all devices that # are found. Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly # list the devices that they wish to monitor. DEVICESCAN -H -m root -M exec /usr/libexec/smartmontools/smartdnotify -n standby,10,q # Alternative setting to ignore temperature and power-on hours reports # in syslog. #DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9 # Alternative setting to report more useful raw temperature in syslog. #DEVICESCAN -R 194 -R 231 -I 9 # Alternative setting to report raw temperature changes >= 5 Celsius # and min/max temperatures. #DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9 -W 5 # First (primary) ATA/IDE hard disk. Monitor all attributes, enable # automatic online data collection, automatic Attribute autosave, and # start a short self-test every day between 2-3am, and a long self test # Saturdays between 3-4am. #/dev/hda -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03) # Monitor SMART status, ATA Error Log, Self-test log, and track # changes in all attributes except for attribute 194 #/dev/hdb -H -l error -l selftest -t -I 194 # Monitor all attributes except normalized Temperature (usually 194), # but track Temperature changes >= 4 Celsius, report Temperatures # >= 45 Celsius and changes in Raw value of Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5). # Send mail on SMART failures or when Temperature is >= 55 Celsius. #/dev/hdc -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m [email protected] # An ATA disk may appear as a SCSI device to the OS. If a SCSI to # ATA Translation (SAT) layer is between the OS and the device then # this can be flagged with the '-d sat' option. This situation may # become common with SATA disks in SAS and FC environments. # /dev/sda -a -d sat # A very silent check. Only report SMART health status if it fails # But send an email in this case #/dev/hdc -H -C 0 -U 0 -m [email protected] # First two SCSI disks. This will monitor everything that smartd can # monitor. Start extended self-tests Wednesdays between 6-7pm and # Sundays between 1-2 am #/dev/sda -d scsi -s L/../../3/18 #/dev/sdb -d scsi -s L/../../7/01 # Monitor 4 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 6/7/8000 controller which uses # the 3w-xxxx driver. Start long self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, # and 4-5 am. # NOTE: starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel series, the /dev/sdX interface # is DEPRECATED. Use the /dev/tweN character device interface instead. # For example /dev/twe0, /dev/twe1, and so on. #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../7/01 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../7/02 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,2 -a -s L/../../7/03 #/dev/sdc -d 3ware,3 -a -s L/../../7/04 # Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which # uses the 3w-9xxx driver (Linux, FreeBSD). Start long self-tests Tuesdays # between 1-2 and 3-4 am. #/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Monitor 2 SATA (not SAS) disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which # uses the 3w-sas driver (Linux). Start long self-tests Tuesdays # between 1-2 and 3-4 am. # On FreeBSD /dev/tws0 should be used instead #/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Same as above for Windows. Option '-d 3ware,N' is not necessary, # disk (port) number is specified in device name. # NOTE: On Windows, DEVICESCAN works also for 3ware controllers. #/dev/hdc,0 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/hdc,1 -a -s L/../../2/03 # Monitor 3 ATA disks directly connected to a HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long # self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 am. #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/1 -a -s L/../../7/01 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/2 -a -s L/../../7/02 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/3 -a -s L/../../7/03 # Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to the same PMPort which connected to the # HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long self-tests Tuesdays between 1-2 and 3-4 am #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/1 -a -s L/../../2/01 #/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/2 -a -s L/../../2/03 # HERE IS A LIST OF DIRECTIVES FOR THIS CONFIGURATION FILE. # PLEASE SEE THE smartd.conf MAN PAGE FOR DETAILS # # -d TYPE Set the device type: ata, scsi, marvell, removable, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N # -T TYPE set the tolerance to one of: normal, permissive # -o VAL Enable/disable automatic offline tests (on/off) # -S VAL Enable/disable attribute autosave (on/off) # -n MODE No check. MODE is one of: never, sleep, standby, idle # -H Monitor SMART Health Status, report if failed # -l TYPE Monitor SMART log. Type is one of: error, selftest # -f Monitor for failure of any 'Usage' Attributes # -m ADD Send warning email to ADD for -H, -l error, -l selftest, and -f # -M TYPE Modify email warning behavior (see man page) # -s REGE Start self-test when type/date matches regular expression (see man page) # -p Report changes in 'Prefailure' Normalized Attributes # -u Report changes in 'Usage' Normalized Attributes # -t Equivalent to -p and -u Directives # -r ID Also report Raw values of Attribute ID with -p, -u or -t # -R ID Track changes in Attribute ID Raw value with -p, -u or -t # -i ID Ignore Attribute ID for -f Directive # -I ID Ignore Attribute ID for -p, -u or -t Directive # -C ID Report if Current Pending Sector count non-zero # -U ID Report if Offline Uncorrectable count non-zero # -W D,I,C Monitor Temperature D)ifference, I)nformal limit, C)ritical limit # -v N,ST Modifies labeling of Attribute N (see man page) # -a Default: equivalent to -H -f -t -l error -l selftest -C 197 -U 198 # -F TYPE Use firmware bug workaround. Type is one of: none, samsung # -P TYPE Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall # # Comment: text after a hash sign is ignored # \ Line continuation character # Attribute ID is a decimal integer 1 <= ID <= 255 # except for -C and -U, where ID = 0 turns them off. # All but -d, -m and -M Directives are only implemented for ATA devices # # If the test string DEVICESCAN is the first uncommented text # then smartd will scan for devices /dev/hd[a-l] and /dev/sd[a-z] # DEVICESCAN may be followed by any desired Directives.So überwachen Sie den Festplattenzustand mit smartd (S.M.A.R.T.)
So überprüfen Sie eine Festplatte auf fehlerhafte Blöcke oder Festplattenfehler unter CentOS / RHEL